Compare prices and buy peptides in the Mitochondrial category from every research peptide vendor, supplier and source we index. Updated daily.
Mitochondria-targeted peptides and small molecules studied for energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, including SS-31 (elamipretide), MOTS-c, 5-Amino-1MQ, and the ERR agonist SLU-PP-332.
Everything in this category acts on mitochondrial function, but through mechanisms that have almost nothing in common. One member is a peptide that the mitochondrial genome encodes itself, and one is a synthetic peptide that binds a specific membrane lipid. The rest are not peptides, and they reach mitochondrial metabolism through transcription, kinase signaling, enzyme inhibition, electron transfer, fatty-acid transport or enzyme cofactors.
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the 12S ribosomal RNA region of mitochondrial DNA rather than by the nuclear genome. It activates AMPK and regulates metabolic homeostasis in models of obesity, insulin resistance and aging. It belongs to a small class of mitochondrial-derived peptides whose other well-studied member, Humanin, is catalogued under Longevity and Bioregulators.
SS-31 is not mitochondrially encoded but is targeted to the organelle by design. It is a synthetic tetrapeptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane and binds cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of that membrane, preserving cristae architecture and electron transport chain efficiency.
5-Amino-1MQ inhibits nicotinamide N-methyltransferase. That enzyme consumes both S-adenosylmethionine and nicotinamide to produce 1-methylnicotinamide, draining the methyl-donor pool and the NAD+ salvage substrate at once, and inhibitors of it raised NAD+ and SAM in cultured fat cells.
SLU-PP-332 is a pan-agonist of the estrogen-related receptors ERR-alpha, beta and gamma. In mice it activates a transcriptional program driving mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty-acid oxidation and oxidative muscle fiber-type conversion, pathways that overlap substantially with those induced by endurance exercise.
SLU-PP-915 is a later pan-agonist of the same three receptors, built around a boronic acid group that improved metabolic stability in laboratory assays, and reported by its developers to be active when given by mouth.
ATX-304, formerly O304, acts on a kinase rather than on transcription. It activates AMP-activated protein kinase, the cell's energy sensor, by shielding the enzyme's activating phosphate from removal rather than by binding it allosterically.
Methylene Blue is a phenothiazine dye that acts as an alternative electron carrier, accepting electrons from NADH and passing them to cytochrome c to bypass blocked complex I and III activity in laboratory studies. L-Carnitine works upstream of all of this, transporting long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane so they can be oxidized at all.
SS-31, as elamipretide (brand name Forzinity), holds an FDA accelerated approval for Barth syndrome, an inherited disorder of cardiolipin remodeling, and continued approval may depend on a confirmatory trial.
Methylene Blue is separately FDA-approved, for acquired methemoglobinemia, where it reduces ferric hemoglobin back to its functional ferrous form. Its mitochondrial and cognitive-aging applications are research uses outside that approval.
L-Carnitine is FDA-approved as levocarnitine (Carnitor and generics) for carnitine deficiency.
MOTS-c is being considered for the Section 503A compounding bulks list, and an FDA advisory committee has voted to recommend adding it. The vote is advisory and does not bind the FDA. In October 2026 HHS issued a policy under which it does not intend to take enforcement action against pharmacies compounding MOTS-c under set conditions until a final rule settles its listing, and our post on the HHS policy covers its terms. SLU-PP-332, SLU-PP-915, ATX-304 and 5-Amino-1MQ hold no FDA approval.
Several of SS-31's vendor aliases are transcription errors that have propagated across vendor sites. It appears as elamipretide, as its developer code MTP-131, and as a string of near-misses including MTP-31, MTS-31, MTT-31, S-31, S-31-S and PUR-31. All map to the same compound here.
The other convention worth knowing is that "peptide" in a vendor's category heading does not mean the product is one. Of the compounds catalogued here, only MOTS-c and SS-31 are peptides. 5-Amino-1MQ, SLU-PP-332, methylene blue and L-carnitine are small molecules, and Vitamin B12 and Methylcobalamin are cobalt-containing corrinoids, all grouped in this category because their mechanisms sit in mitochondrial and energy metabolism research and because vendors sell them from the same catalogs.
Yes. SS-31, elamipretide and the developer code MTP-131 all name the same synthetic tetrapeptide, which binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Forzinity is the brand name of the FDA-approved elamipretide product. Vendor listings also carry a set of transcription errors for the same compound, including MTP-31, MTS-31, MTT-31, S-31, S-31-S and PUR-31. PeptideScouter maps all of them to one page so per-milligram prices stay comparable. The approval covers the licensed Forzinity product, not research-grade SS-31 powder.
Two. MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within mitochondrial DNA, and SS-31 is a synthetic tetrapeptide. The rest are not peptides: 5-Amino-1MQ is an enzyme inhibitor, SLU-PP-332 and SLU-PP-915 are nuclear receptor agonists, ATX-304 activates a kinase, methylene blue is a phenothiazine dye, L-carnitine is a quaternary ammonium compound derived from lysine and methionine, and vitamin B12 and methylcobalamin are cobalt-containing corrinoids. They are catalogued together because their mechanisms all sit in mitochondrial and energy-metabolism research and because vendors sell them from the same catalogs, not because they share a chemical class.
A peptide encoded by the mitochondrial genome rather than by nuclear DNA. Mitochondria carry their own small circular chromosome, and short open reading frames inside its ribosomal RNA genes produce a handful of peptides that act as signaling molecules. MOTS-c is encoded within the 12S rRNA region and activates AMPK. Humanin, catalogued under Longevity and Bioregulators, is encoded within the 16S rRNA gene and was the first of the class to be described, in 2001. The class also includes the SHLP peptides. This is what distinguishes MOTS-c from SS-31, which is targeted to mitochondria by chemical design but is synthetic in origin.
No. In July 2026 the FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee voted to recommend adding MOTS-c to the Section 503A bulk drug substances list. The vote is advisory. It does not make MOTS-c an approved drug and does not by itself authorize compounding, because the FDA changes the bulks list through notice-and-comment rulemaking and is not bound by the committee.
46 vendors tracked by PeptideScouter sell Mitochondrial peptides, across 373 listings covering 11 compounds. The widest Mitochondrial catalogs belong to Disguised Alpha (10 peptides), Glacier Aminos (8 peptides), Glow Aminos (8 peptides). Prices are normalized to USD per milligram and refreshed daily.
Mitochondrial peptides indexed on PeptideScouter have a median price of $3.12/mg, ranging from $0.08/mg to $13.80/mg across the 11 peptides in the category. Pricing is normalized across vendors and refreshed daily.
L-Carnitine carries the lowest median price in the Mitochondrial category at $0.08/mg across 20 listings. Its cheapest in-stock listing is $0.06/mg at Northline Labs. Per-milligram price varies widely between compounds in a category, so the cheapest per mg is not necessarily the cheapest vial or the right compound for a given experiment.
The most widely sold Mitochondrial peptides on PeptideScouter (by vendor count) are: MOTS-C, 5-Amino-1MQ, SS-31, SLU-PP-332, L-Carnitine. Each peptide page shows current pricing across every tracked vendor, normalized to USD per milligram.
