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Thymic peptides (Thymalin, Thymulin, Thymosin alpha-1), cathelicidins (LL-37), and alpha-MSH-derived fragments studied for immune modulation and inflammatory-pathway research.
Thymic peptides dominate this category. Thymosin alpha-1 (Zadaxin) is a 28-amino-acid peptide originally isolated from calf thymus; it enhances T-cell maturation and dendritic-cell activation, and is approved in parts of Europe and Asia (not in the US) as adjunctive therapy for chronic hepatitis B and certain cancers. Thymalin, Thymulin, and Thymogen (glutamyl-tryptophan) are Russian and Soviet-developed thymic preparations with overlapping immunomodulatory profiles, studied mostly in Eastern European clinical literature.
LL-37 is a 37-amino-acid cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide cleaved from the precursor hCAP-18. It shows direct antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, enveloped viruses, and fungi, and modulates innate immune signaling through FPR-2 and other receptors. KPV (lysine-proline-valine) is the C-terminal tripeptide of α-MSH; it retains anti-inflammatory activity independent of the melanocortin receptors and has been studied in models of inflammatory bowel disease and atopic dermatitis.
None of the peptides in this category hold FDA approval. Vendor products are intended for in-vitro and animal research.