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GLP-1 and multi-receptor agonists behind the modern obesity and diabetes wave — semaglutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide — plus metabolic compounds catalogued alongside them.
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) is an endogenous incretin hormone released by L-cells in the small intestine after a meal. It stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and signals satiety in the hypothalamus. Synthetic GLP-1 receptor agonists — liraglutide, and then semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) — reproduce these effects with half-lives engineered for once-daily or once-weekly dosing.
The category now extends past single-target GLP-1. Tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound) is a dual GLP-1 / GIP agonist. Retatrutide adds glucagon for a triple-receptor profile. Cagrilintide targets amylin and is studied in combination with semaglutide as CagriSema. Each extra receptor axis contributes an independent weight-loss mechanism: GIP augments insulin sensitivity, glucagon raises energy expenditure, amylin further modulates satiety. Clinical-stage agents in this class have produced the largest reshaping of obesity and type-2-diabetes treatment in a generation, with phase-III weight-loss endpoints ranging from 15% to 24% of baseline body weight depending on the compound.
Non-GLP metabolic research tools sit alongside them here for catalog convenience — AICAR (an AMPK activator studied for endurance and metabolic adaptation), AOD-9604 (a 16-amino-acid fragment of human growth hormone), and teduglutide (a GLP-2 agonist FDA-approved as Gattex for short bowel syndrome, catalogued here because GLP-2 and GLP-1 are sister peptides cleaved from the same proglucagon precursor).
Research-peptide vendors sell the reconstituted lyophilized powders under brand-agnostic INN names or internal codes (LY3437943 for retatrutide, LY3298176 for tirzepatide). None of the non-approved members in this category (retatrutide, mazdutide, survodutide, cagrilintide) are authorized for human administration.